subject-verb agreement

Subject-Verb Agreement

The subject and the verb in every sentence must agree-both must be singular or both must be plural.

A dog is running.
 

 

Dogs are running.



active and passive

Active and Passive

A verb is said to be in active voice when the action is performed by the subject of the sentence.

My father drives our car. Subject

 

A verb is said to be in passive voice when the action is being done to the subject in the sontence .

Our car is driven by my father. Subject

Tense

The Simple Present and the Present Continuous

Veabs are said to be in the simple present form if the action denoted happens often or is repeated
The action can be a daily routine or a hobby or a scheduled event
 - Do you drink coffee
 - My mother leaves home at 9 o'clock every day.

Verb are in the present continuous form if the action denoted is happening at moment of speaking.
It is raining
I cannot come with you. I am doing my homework now.

The Simple Past and the Past Continuous Tenses

The simple past tense is used to describe an action that happened in the past
 - John met Richard yesterday.
The past continuous tense is used for actions that continued for a while before the new action interrupted them.
- He was sleeping when the phone rang.
Blue = Past progressive
Green  = Simple Past

The first part of the sentence describes something that continued to happen before a new action

Will and Going to

Will is used with the base form of the verb to talk about that may happen in the future

 - I will complete the essay tomorrow

 - George is very talented. He will become famous one day.

Going to is used when we talk about a decision or a plan made before the moment of speaking

 - I am going to invite all my friends

verbs

verbs

regular and Irregular

        - I worked for ten hours yesterday.

        - My Uncle taught me to swim.

     * The highlighted verb are in the simple past tense. They denote that the action happened in the past. Some verbs can be changed to the past tense by adding -ed to the base form. These are called regular verbs.

like - liked, share - shared

     * Some other verbs take different forms changed into past tense. Such verbs are called irregular verbs.

see - saw, buy - bought

     * Some irregular verbs do not change their form when converted to past tense.

read - read, cut - cut, shut - shut

Nouns

Nouns

 

1. Common Nouns

        * is a general name for a class of objects. people or place.

                 teacher, cup, park, kitten, country

 

2. Proper Nouns

         * is name of aspecific person, place or thing. A proper noun always begins with a capital letter. 

                   George, Smith, Biston, Disney, World

Direct and Indirect Objects

Direct object

The direct object tells us who or what receives the action of the verb

Example

I wrote an eassay

eassay = direct object

Indirect Object

An indirect object tells us to whom or for whom an action is done. A sentence with an indirect object must also contain a direct object

Example

My father bought me a lovely present

me = indirect object ; present = direct object

types of sentences

Types of Sentences

* A declarative sentence makes a statement. It the end with a full stop. (.)

I am so hungry.

My pet is a dog.

 

* A interrogative sentence asks a question. It ends with a question mark. (?)

How are you today?

What time is it?

 

* An exclamatory sentence shows a strong felling or emotion. It ends with an exclamatory mark. (!)

Watch out!

Look at that beautiful parrot!

 

* An imperative sentence gives a command or a request. It ends with a full stop. (.)



Take the dog to the vet.



subject and predicate

 

Subject and Predicate

    * Every sentence can be divided into two parts-a subject and a perdicate.
    * The complete subject includes words that tell us what the sentence is about.

We were listening to music

 
   * The complete perdicate includes all the words that action or situation of the subject.

We were listening to music

Visual Stimulus Comprehension

*Visuals can be a picteures on their own or combined with words to convey meaning.
*Symbols,signs,maps,diagrams and storyboards use visuals for a purpose.
*All visuals contain a message. The message could be interpreted as a story,a warning,an advertisement or as information to educate or influence people to buy something or to take some action.

1.Understanding Symbols and Signs

*Symbols are internationally recognised visuals with a clear message.
*They are understood by people everywhere, no matter what language they speak.

Look at these familiar symbols used at airports, on road signs, etc, and their meanings.

*Signs use symbols, colors, words or numbers to convey a message.

*Read signs can be a warning for driver safety (yellow signs), orders to be followed (red signs), or additional information (green signs).

*A sign with a cross through it signifies something cannot be done.

2.Understanding Maps

*Maps are a diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features such as cities, roads, buildings, etc.

*These visuals offer a bird's eye view of the location of things on a flat surface.

*Maps may have symbols and a key to explain the symbols.

Study this map. Read the labels and understand what they mean. Read the instructions next to the map. Study the words in colour.

3.Understanding Diagram

*Diagrams explain how things work, describe a process or different parts of an object.

*They can use arrows to show movement or labels to name the parts.

4.Understanding Storyboards

*Storyboards are a set of quick graphics arranged in sequence along with the words spoken or any other special effects (music,lighting.etc) that are required.

*They are used to plan the details of a motion picture, an animation , a video or an interactive media sequence

READING COMPREHENSION

READING COMPREHENSION

Within this page,the complex processes involved in reading comprehension are divided into three categories (much like the National Reading Panel Report). The categories include vocabulary instruction, text comprehension instruction, and teacher preparation and comprehension strategies instruction. You'll also find useful websites that students can visit to practice their use of comprehension strategies with fiction and non-fiction texts at a variety of reading levels.

           

Answer: Page 41-42

1.How high is Everest?
       A.8848 feet
       B.29028 metres
       C. 29,028 feet
       D. 8848 metres
 2.In what way does Mount Everest change annually?
       A.It is shrinking by a very small amount.
       B.It is getting a little wider.
       C.It is shifting slightly to the north.
       D. It is growing a very small amount.
 3.Mount Everset is in the mountain range call the________.
       A.Rocky Mountains
       B.Andes
       C.Himalayas
       D.Alps
4.Who wanted to climb Mount Everest "because it's there"?
       A.George Mallory
       B.Edmund Hillary
       C.Tenzing Norgay
       D.Junko Tabei
5.The first team to successfully reach the summit was__________.
       A.George Mallory and Andrew Irvine.
       B.Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay.
       C.George Mallory and Edmund Hillary
       D. Tenzing Norgay and Andrew Irvine.

6.Since 1953,how many people have reached the summit? 

       A.about 20

       B.fewer than 600

       C.exactly 600

       D.more than 600
             

Answer: Page 59

A.Who is the central character of the Harry Potter books?
   - Harry Potter
B.Who is the evil wizard who fights against Harry?
   - Lord Voldemort
C.When did the idea for Harry'walk' into the author's head?
   - During her train trip from manchester to London
D.What was the firsr book in the Harry Potter series renamed as for the American market?
   - Harry Potter and Socerer's Stone
E.What does Harry learn to do in Hogwarts?
   - He learns to use magic and brew potions
F.Which platform does Hogwarts Express depart from?
   - Hogwarts Express departs from Platform 9 3\4

Excercise Online

http://www.thaiall.com/cgi/quizr.pl

Skimming

*skimming is a reading technique that can help you to

  • read more quickly.

  • decide if the text is interesting and whether you should read it in more detail.

*Skimming is a fast reading technique.Use it to obtain the gist of a piece of text (i.e. to quickly identify the main ideas in the text)

Identifying Main Ideas

  • The main idea of a paragraph may be found in the first or last sentence, or even in the middle of the paragraph

  • If a main idea is repeated in a slightly different war, its meaning will often become clear.

  • Sometime,It is repeated in the closing sentence.

  • The main idea of a story tells what the story is mostly about. Details in a story provide more information     

     about the main idea 

Page 34 (Exercise A)

1. Bill and john both run the 100 m dash. Bill has won the race for the last three years. But he didn’t train as hard this year as he had fallen ill. This time John practiced regularly every day. On the day of the match, Bill and John line up to start.

What do you predict will happen next ?

a.       Bill will win the race.

b.      John will win the race.

c.       John will drop out the race.

Answer = B

2. Mort looked of out the window. He saw dark clouds gathering in the sky. Soon the clouds covered the sun and the wind began to blow. Just then Mort remembered that his mum had asked him to bring in the dried laundry from the garden

What do you predict will happen next ?

a.       Mort will play a video game with a friend.

b.      Mort will go out to the garden to fetch the laundry.

c.       Mort will go to the room to relax.

Answer = B

3. Brent is an Alaskan sled dog. He has a coat of heavy fur that helps keep him warm. He likes to stand by the fireplace when he gets cold. Brent was out in the snow all day long and got very cold.

What do you predict will happen next ?

a.       Brent will pull a sled through the snow.

b.      Brent will sleep in the snow.

c.       Brent will stand by the fire

Answer = C

Page 33 (Exercise D)

Read the two passages.Then write an answer to each questions

1.Butterflies drink from a built-in straw.A butterfly has no mouth.It can't chew.So it eats with a long,thin tube.Through the tube,the butterfly can suck up sweet nectar.

What can you conclude about the kinds of food a butterfly eats?

Answer: Butter fly can eat only liquid nectar

2.A green house is not green.It is clear.That is because it is made of glass.The glass lets in the sun's heat that helps plants grow.The green plants are the reason for the name.They grow all year round in the warm,sunny room.
What can you conclude about what plants need to grow?
Answer: Plants need sunlight to grow.

Page 31-32 (Exercise Part C)

Read each passage.Then read the conclusion drawn from the facts .Decide whether the conclusion is a good one based on facts.If.It is,write Good Conclusion on the line.If It not,write a conclusion that is reasonable.

1.The Venus flytrab is a plant eats insects;it is hence a carnivorous plant.Its main diet is flies,cater and spiders but it must be said that the plant will eat any small insect that is unlucky enough to get trapped that plant can use for nutrition.

Conclusion: Venus flytrab eats only flies,caterpillars and spiders.

Answer: Venus flytrab eat any small insects.

2.There are numerous kinds of seashells.They are found all over the world.Some are as small as peas.The giant clam shell,though,is very big.It can be up to three feet wide.Over the years,shells have been used in many different ways.They have been used as tools,money,spoons and dishes
Conclusion: Shells come in all shapes and sizes.
Answer: Good Conclusion

3.The kiwi is a flightless bird found only in New Zealand.There are three main types of kiwi: brown,great spotted and little spotted.All kiwi species have declined since European settlement of New Zealand and the little spotted kiwi is most at risk.It survives only on one small island reservation,which was stocked with birds from the mainland.
Conclusion: The little spotted kiwi faces extinction and is hence protected.
Answer: Good Conclusion

4.Origami is the art of paper folding.It is an old Japanese skill.People can make birds,flowers and many other shapes from folded paper.From Japan,origami has spread to the West.All around hte globe,paper folding is thought of as a skill,an art or just plain fun.
Conclusion: It is very difficult to learn origami.
Answer: Origami is a skill, an art or just plain fun.

5.As with all ancient civilisations,the exact origins of the Incan civilisation are unknown.Their historic record,like that of all other tribes evolving on the planet at that time,would be recorded through oral tradition,stone,pottery,gold and silver jewellery,and woven in the tapestry of the people.
Conclusion: Their jewellery is one of the records historians had to rely on for most of the ancient civilizations.
Answer: Good Conclusion

Drawing Conclusions

Drawing Conclusions refers to information that is implied or inferred.This means that the information is never clearly stated.

Sometimes a passage may contain ideas that are not stated directly.Then you must draw a conclusion.When you do this,
you decide what facts mean.

Excercise Online

Cause and Effect exercise
click
Linking Words exercise Online
Exercise 1
Exercise 2

English (Page 20)

Read each sentence. Then complete the table.

1.        Tony was away from school as he was in the hospital.

2.        Pen-chan was scared, so she called for help.

3.    There was a strike and the buses did not ply.

4.         The plants died as there was no water.

5.           Eric forget his swimsuit and therefore could not swim.

6.           The street lights were switched on, so we could see our way.

7.           The match was abandoned when it rained.

8.             He lost control of his car as the brakes were faulty.

Cause	Effect	Linking word
1. he was in the hospital.	1. Tony was away from school.	1. as
2. Pen-chan was scared.	2. she called for help.	2. so
3. There was a strike.	3. the buses did not ply.	3. and
4. there was no water.	4. The plants died.	4. as
5. Eric forget his swimsuit.	5. could not swim.	5. and, therefore
6. The street lights were switched on.	6. we could see our way.	6. so
7. it rained.	7. The match was abandoned.	7. when
8. the brakes were faulty.	8. He lost control of his car.	8. as

English (Page18)

Page 18                           

Understanding Cause and Effect

Read the cause and write an effect. Then write one full sentence that states the

cause and effect.

                 

Article	Cause	Effect	Conjunction
1.	A storm hit the city.	All the residents fled.	So
2.	I planted some trees.	To protect Global warming.	So
3.	My sister stayed up past midnight.	She woke up late.	Because
4.	Lena missed school on Monday.	She didn’t know what her friend study on Monday.	So
5.	David signed up for French classes.	He can speak French.	Because