subject-verb agreement

Subject-Verb Agreement

The subject and the verb in every sentence must agree-both must be singular or both must be plural.

A dog is running.
 

 

Dogs are running.



active and passive

Active and Passive

A verb is said to be in active voice when the action is performed by the subject of the sentence.

My father drives our car. Subject

 

A verb is said to be in passive voice when the action is being done to the subject in the sontence .

Our car is driven by my father. Subject

Tense

The Simple Present and the Present Continuous

Veabs are said to be in the simple present form if the action denoted happens often or is repeated
The action can be a daily routine or a hobby or a scheduled event
 - Do you drink coffee
 - My mother leaves home at 9 o'clock every day.

Verb are in the present continuous form if the action denoted is happening at moment of speaking.
It is raining
I cannot come with you. I am doing my homework now.

The Simple Past and the Past Continuous Tenses

The simple past tense is used to describe an action that happened in the past
 - John met Richard yesterday.
The past continuous tense is used for actions that continued for a while before the new action interrupted them.
- He was sleeping when the phone rang.
Blue = Past progressive
Green  = Simple Past

The first part of the sentence describes something that continued to happen before a new action

Will and Going to

Will is used with the base form of the verb to talk about that may happen in the future

 - I will complete the essay tomorrow

 - George is very talented. He will become famous one day.

Going to is used when we talk about a decision or a plan made before the moment of speaking

 - I am going to invite all my friends

verbs

verbs

regular and Irregular

        - I worked for ten hours yesterday.

        - My Uncle taught me to swim.

     * The highlighted verb are in the simple past tense. They denote that the action happened in the past. Some verbs can be changed to the past tense by adding -ed to the base form. These are called regular verbs.

like - liked, share - shared

     * Some other verbs take different forms changed into past tense. Such verbs are called irregular verbs.

see - saw, buy - bought

     * Some irregular verbs do not change their form when converted to past tense.

read - read, cut - cut, shut - shut

Nouns

Nouns

 

1. Common Nouns

        * is a general name for a class of objects. people or place.

                 teacher, cup, park, kitten, country

 

2. Proper Nouns

         * is name of aspecific person, place or thing. A proper noun always begins with a capital letter. 

                   George, Smith, Biston, Disney, World

Direct and Indirect Objects

Direct object

The direct object tells us who or what receives the action of the verb

Example

I wrote an eassay

eassay = direct object

Indirect Object

An indirect object tells us to whom or for whom an action is done. A sentence with an indirect object must also contain a direct object

Example

My father bought me a lovely present

me = indirect object ; present = direct object

types of sentences

Types of Sentences

* A declarative sentence makes a statement. It the end with a full stop. (.)

I am so hungry.

My pet is a dog.

 

* A interrogative sentence asks a question. It ends with a question mark. (?)

How are you today?

What time is it?

 

* An exclamatory sentence shows a strong felling or emotion. It ends with an exclamatory mark. (!)

Watch out!

Look at that beautiful parrot!

 

* An imperative sentence gives a command or a request. It ends with a full stop. (.)



Take the dog to the vet.



subject and predicate

 

Subject and Predicate

    * Every sentence can be divided into two parts-a subject and a perdicate.
    * The complete subject includes words that tell us what the sentence is about.

We were listening to music

 
   * The complete perdicate includes all the words that action or situation of the subject.

We were listening to music